Підручник Англійська мова 9 клас (9-й рік навчання) - О. C. Любченко - Основа 2017 рік

UNIT 5 Reliance on Science

Lesson 2 PLURALITY OF MODALITY

1. Work in groups of three. Look at the words below; make sure that everybody; knows what each word means. Complete the list in chronological order (use BC and AD) and compare it with other groups; check your list for the correct answers. Tell briefly what each invention is used for.

refrigerator, thermometre, printing, wheel, the Internet, telephone, Skype, paper.

2. Look through the sentences below and find out what they express: ability, strong necessity, advice, request, permission, possibility or strong probability. Tell which of the verbs show which meaning.

1) She can drive a car.

2) You must see a doctor at once!

3) You should call him.

4) Could you help me with this report, please?

5) I had to break the window! I lost my key!

6) You may stay here.

7) He might leave soon.

8) He must be at the tennis club now.

9) You mustn't touch that plate, it's too hot.

3. Study the Quick Grammar Aid on p. 96 and do the exercise. Explain your choice to your classmates.

1) Which of the sentences is correct?

• We should leave home half an hour before. We are late now.

• We should have left home half an hour before. We are late now.

• We should to leave home half an hour before. We are late now.

2) Which word goes best into the space?

We visit Eric when we are in London.

• ought

• should

• didn’t ought

3) Which of the questions is correct?

• We should call the police?

• Should we call the police?

• Do we should call the police?

4) Which word goes best into the space?

Do I have to clean my room? - No, you.

• have not

• need not

• do not

5) Which of the sentences is correct?

• We ought have a party to celebrate Kate’s birthday.

• We ought to have a party to celebrate Kate’s birthday.

• We should to have a party to celebrate Kate’s birthday.

6) Which word goes best into the space? Ilona is a very rich person and she   work.

• has to

• needn’t

• shouldn’t

7) Complete the sentence.

We_______ invite Cassie and Jack to dinner.

• should to

• ought to

• ought

8) Which of the sentences is correct?

• You have not do the ironing. I'll do it later.

• You mustn’t do the ironing. I'll do it later.

• You needn’t do the ironing. I'll do it later.

9) Which of the questions is correct?

• Do we ought to tell Jane the news?

• Ought we tell Jane the news?

• Ought we to tell Jane the news?

10) Which word goes best into the space? You go to the store today. There is plenty of food in the fridge.

• shouldn’t

• needn’t

• mustn’t

Quick Grammar Aid - Modal Verbs

NEED is a semi-modal verb because in some ways it is like a modal verb and in other ways like a main verb.

1. We use NEED mostly in the negative form to indicate that there is no obligation or necessity to do something. We form the negative by adding NOT: NEED NOT (NEEDN’T).

You needn’t take off your shoes.

2. We don’t use don’t /doesn’t /didn’t with NEED:

Modal verb: You needn't listen to him. (You don't have to listen to him.)

Main verb: You don't need to listen to him. (There is no need to listen.)

These two sentences are different in the form and meaning, too.

3. Affirmatives with the semi-modal NEED are not common and they are used in formal contexts.

4. Questions with NEED are formed as regular questions: Do you need… ?

OUGHT TO is a semi-modal verb because it is in some ways like a modal verb and in some ways like a main verb. Unlike modal verbs, it is followed by TO, but like modal verbs, it does not change form for person:

I ought to phone my parents.

OUGHT TO is used to express advice combined with a certain moral obligation.

You ought to visit your parents regularly. (You should do it because it is morally correct.)

4. Choose the correct variant of the answer: MUSTN'T or NEEDN'T. Use the Quick Grammar Aid above if you need. (The table of Modals is in the Appendix on p. 170.) Explain your choice to other students.

1. She__________________________________ go to bed early; tomorrow is a holiday.

2. You__________________________________ cross the road when the lights are red.

3. You        tell anybody what I've just told you. It's a secret.

4. You        go to the bank. I can lend you the money.

5. You        litter in here. It's forbidden.

6. I like cold coffee. You warm it.

7. Do we have to pay to get in? - No, you__________ . Entrance to the museum is free.

8. You       forget your sun cream. It’s going to be very hot!

5. Fill in the gaps with one of the correct forms of the modals. Explain the use of them to the classmates.

1)______ You ride a motorbike without a helmet.

• shouldn’t

• ought to

• ought

2) Where  we  park our car?

• do … ought to

• ought not ; ought …to

3) People  park their cars here.

• shouldn’t

• ought to

• oughtn’t

4) You   invite your grandparents.

• ought to

• ought

• don’t ought to

5) You  do that!

• should to

• ought to

• ought

6) You see a doctor, because you look very sick.

• ought to

• shouldn’t

• ought

7) She   move from here. She can't stand the noise.

• ought

• ought to

• shouldn’t

8)__ she call the police?

• Ought

• Should

• Does … ought to

6. Choose the best modal to complete each sentence. Compare your results with those of the others.

7. Choose the most appropriate answer to complete the sentences. Study QUICK GRAMMAR AID well before writing.

Did you know?

The first steam locomotive was invented by Richard Trevithick, a British inventor and mining engineer.